Thursday, December 9, 2010

What President's election marked the end of Reconstruction?

We've been on a Civil War kick lately, so why stop a good thing now?  This one comes off of our Pocket Trivia: US Presidents game: What President's election marked the end of Reconstruction?  Was it Rutherford Hayes, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland or Ulysess Grant?

The correct answer is Rutherford Hayes - but there's an interesting twist to this story.

The Presidential Election of 1876 was, without a doubt, one of the most controversial of all time.  It featured Republican Rutherford Hayes against Democrat Samuel Tilden.  When all of the votes were counted, 20 electoral votes were in dispute: Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina.  Those states all appeared to have favored Tilden.  Allegations of fraud and intimidation came from both sides.  Meanwhile, in Oregon, a single vote was disputed when the Democratic Governor said that the Republican elector was ineligible to serve as an elector under the constitution.  Tilden needed just one Electoral Vote to get to 185, the magic number - Hayes needed 20.

When partisan conflict left Congress incapable of solving the problem, an electoral commission was formed.  The commission consisted of an even number of Republicans and Democrats, as well as one independent judge from Illinois, David Davis.  Democrats in Illinois promptly elected Davis to the Senate, believing that they had won his support by doing so - however, Davis resigned from the Commission to take his seat - and a Republican was appointed in his place.  As a result, the commission voted 8-7 to give all votes to Hayes - thus electing Hayes by a 185-184 margin.

However, the result was filibustered by Democrats in the Senate.  Ultimately, Democrats agreed to drop their filibuster in return for the withdrawal of troops from the South - thus marking the formal end of reconstruction.

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